Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

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unless there is evidence to the contrary

Толкование Перевод

1 contrary

contrary, US [transcription][-trerI]

A n contraire m ; the contrary is the case c'est le contraire qui est vrai ; quite the contrary bien au contraire ; on the contrary (bien) au contraire ; despite views/claims to the contrary contrairement à ce que certains pensent/disent ; unless there is evidence to the contrary à moins qu'il n'y ait une preuve du contraire ; no-one said anything to the contrary personne n'a dit le contraire ; unless you hear anything to the contrary sauf contrordre.

B adj

1 [idea, view] contraire ; to be contrary to [activity, proposal, opinion, measure] être contraire à ;

2 [direction, movement] contraire (to à) ;

3 [person] contrariant.

C contrary to prep phr contrairement à ; contrary to popular belief/to rumours ( in spite of) contrairement à ce que l'on peut croire/à la rumeur ; contrary to expectations contre toute attente.

Big English-French dictionary > contrary
2 contrary

['kɒntrərɪ] [AE -trerɪ] 1.
aggettivo

1) [idea, view] contrario

to be contrary to — [proposal, measure] essere contrario a, andare contro

2) [direction, movement] contrario, opposto (to a)

3) [kən'treərɪ] [ person] testardo, ostinato
2.
nome contrario m., opposto m.

quite the contrary — proprio il contrario

on the contrary — al contrario, invece

despite claims to the contrary — nonostante posizioni contrarie

unless there is evidence to the contrary — a meno che ci siano prove che dimostrino l'opposto

unless you hear anything to the contrary — salvo contrordine
3.
avverbio contrary to contrariamente a

contrary to popular belief — contrariamente a quanto si pensa

contrary to expectations — contro ogni aspettativa

* * *
I 1. ['kontrəri] adjective
((often with to) opposite (to) or in disagreement (with): That decision was contrary to my wishes; Contrary to popular belief he is an able politician.)
2. noun
((with the) the opposite.)

- on the contrary
II [kən'treəri] adjective
(obstinate; unreasonable.)

- contrariness

* * *
contrary (def. 1 /ˈkɒntrərɪ/, def. 2 /kənˈtrɛərɪ/)
A a.

1 (form.) contrario; avverso; sfavorevole; opposto: contrary winds, venti contrari; contrary weather, tempo sfavorevole

2 (fam.) che fa il bastian contrario; ostinato ( nel fare o dire il contrario): Don't be so contrary!, non fare il bastian contrario!

B n. [u]

– the contrary, il contrario; l'opposto: The contrary is the case, è vero il contrario

C avv.

– contrary to, contrariamente a; contro; in opposizione a: Contrary to what I expected, he didn't come, contrariamente a quel che m'aspettavo, non è venuto; to act contrary to regulations, agire contro le regole; contrary to expectation (o expectations) contrariamente all'aspettativa; contrary to nature, contro natura

● on the contrary, al contrario; all'opposto; invece; anzi: You think he has finished; on the contrary, he has not yet begun, tu credi che egli abbia finito; invece, non ha ancora cominciato □ to the contrary, in contrario: information to the contrary, informazioni di contenuto opposto; informazioni contrarie; I will leave on Sunday, unless they wire me to the contrary, partirò domenica, a meno che non mi mandino un telegramma con diversa indicazione; unless I ( you, etc.) hear to the contrary, salvo contrordini; He continued to smoke, despite advice to the contrary, ha continuato a fumare benché gli avessero consigliato di smettere □ until the contrary is proved, fino a prova contraria.

* * *
['kɒntrərɪ] [AE -trerɪ] 1.
aggettivo

1) [idea, view] contrario

to be contrary to — [proposal, measure] essere contrario a, andare contro

2) [direction, movement] contrario, opposto (to a)

3) [kən'treərɪ] [ person] testardo, ostinato
2.
nome contrario m., opposto m.

quite the contrary — proprio il contrario

on the contrary — al contrario, invece

despite claims to the contrary — nonostante posizioni contrarie

unless there is evidence to the contrary — a meno che ci siano prove che dimostrino l'opposto

unless you hear anything to the contrary — salvo contrordine
3.
avverbio contrary to contrariamente a

contrary to popular belief — contrariamente a quanto si pensa

contrary to expectations — contro ogni aspettativa

English-Italian dictionary > contrary
3 contrary

contrary [ˊkɒntrǝrɪ]

1. n не́что обра́тное, противополо́жное; противополо́жность;

on the contrary наоборо́т
;

to the contrary в обра́тном смы́сле, ина́че
;

unless I hear to the contrary е́сли я не услы́шу чего́-нибудь ино́го, противополо́жного
;

there is no evidence to the contrary нет доказа́тельств проти́вного, обра́тного
;

to interpret by contraries толкова́ть, понима́ть в обра́тном смы́сле

2. a

1) противополо́жный

2) разг. [kənˊtreərɪ] упря́мый; своево́льный; капри́зный;

contrary disposition сварли́вый нрав

3) проти́вный ( о ветре); неблагоприя́тный;

contrary weather неблагоприя́тная пого́да

3. adv вопреки́, про́тив (to);

to act contrary to common sense поступа́ть вопреки́ здра́вому смы́слу

Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > contrary
4 contrary

I
1. 'kontrəri adjective
((often with to) opposite (to) or in disagreement (with): That decision was contrary to my wishes; Contrary to popular belief he is an able politician.) contrario a

2. noun
((with the) the opposite.) contrario

- on the contrary

II kən'treəri adjective
(obstinate; unreasonable.)

- contrariness

contrary¹ adj contrario

contrary to what we expected... al contrario de lo que esperábamos...

contrary² n contrario

on the contrary al contrario

contrary

tr[ (adj) 'kɒntrərɪ; (n) kɒn'treərɪ]

adjective

1 (opposite) contrario,-a

2 (stubborn) terco,-a, obstinado,-a, tozudo,-a

noun the contrary

1 lo contrario

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

contrary to en contra de, al contrario de, contrariamente a

on the contrary (however) por el contrario 2 (quite the reverse) todo lo contrario, al contrario

to the contrary en contra

■ if I don't hear anything to the contrary si no me dices lo contrario

■ there is no evidence to the contrary no hay pruebas en contra

contrary ['kɑn.trɛri,] 2 often [kən-'trɛri] adj

1) opposite: contrario, opuesto

2) balky, stubborn: terco, testarudo

3)

contrary to : al contrario de, en contra de

contrary to the facts: en contra de los hechos

contrary ['kɑn.trɛri] n, pl - traries

1) opposite: lo contrario, lo opuesto

2)

on the contrary : al contrario, todo lo contrario

contrary

adj.

• ajeno, -a adj.

• contrario, -a adj.

• encontrado, -a adj.

• obstinado, -a adj.

• opuesto, -a adj.

• terco, -a adj.

adv.

• contrariamente adv.

n.

• contrario s.m.

I
adjective

1) 'kɑːntreri, 'kɒntrəri

a) (opposed, opposite) contrario

to be contrary TO something — ir* en contra de algo

b)

contrary to — (as prep) contrariamente a, al contrario de

2) 'kɑːntreri, kən'treri, kən'treəri <person/child>

he's so contrary — siempre tiene que llevar la contraria

II 'kɑːntreri, 'kɒntrəri
noun (pl - ries)

a) ( opposite)

the contrary — lo contrario

unless you hear to the contrary... — a menos de que se les informe lo contrario...

despite his assertions to the contrary... — a pesar de sus declaraciones en sentido contrario...

b)

on the contrary — (as linker) al contrario, todo lo contrario, por el contrario

['kɒntrǝrɪ]
1. ADJ

1) [direction] contrario; [opinions] opuesto

contrary to — en contra de, contrario a

contrary to what we thought — en contra de lo que pensábamos

2) [kǝn'trɛǝrɪ]
(=perverse) terco
2.

N contrario m

on the contrary — al contrario, todo lo contrario

quite the contrary — muy al contrario

he holds the contrary — él sostiene lo contrario

the contrary seems to be true — parece que es al revés

I know nothing to the contrary — yo no sé nada en sentido contrario

unless we hear to the contrary — a no ser que nos digan lo contrario

* * *

I
adjective

1) ['kɑːntreri, 'kɒntrəri]

a) (opposed, opposite) contrario

to be contrary TO something — ir* en contra de algo

b)

contrary to — (as prep) contrariamente a, al contrario de

2) ['kɑːntreri, kən'treri, kən'treəri] <person/child>

he's so contrary — siempre tiene que llevar la contraria

II ['kɑːntreri, 'kɒntrəri]
noun (pl - ries)

a) ( opposite)

the contrary — lo contrario

unless you hear to the contrary... — a menos de que se les informe lo contrario...

despite his assertions to the contrary... — a pesar de sus declaraciones en sentido contrario...

b)

on the contrary — (as linker) al contrario, todo lo contrario, por el contrario

English-spanish dictionary > contrary
5 contrary

{'kɔntrəri}
I. 1. обратен, противен, противоположен
2. който противоречи, противоречащ, противоречив (to)
3. неблагоприятен, противен (за вятър и пр.)
4. разг. contrariouf
II. n нещо обратно/противоположно
on the CONTRARY напротив, обратно
quite the CONTRARY тъкмо обратното, тъкмо напротив
to interpret by contraries разбирам обратното
the direct CONTRARY of точно обратното на
notification to the CONTRARY съобщение в обратен смисъл
unless I hear to the CONTRARY ако не бъда уведомен в обратен смисъл
for anything I know to the CONTRARY доколкото знам, ако не се лъжа
I have nothing to say to the CONTRARY не възразявам, нямам възражения
dreams go by contraries сънищата трябва да се тълкуват в обратен смисъл

* * *

{'kъntrъri} а 1. обратен, противен, противоположен; 2. който(2) {'kъntrъri} n нещо обратно/противоположно; on the contrary напр

* * *

обратен; обратно; противоположен; противно; противен; противоречив; дръпнат; неблагоприятен; насрещен; несговорчив;

* * *
1. dreams go by contraries сънищата трябва да се тълкуват в обратен смисъл 2. for anything i know to the contrary доколкото знам, ако не се лъжа 3. i have nothing to say to the contrary не възразявам, нямам възражения 4. i. обратен, противен, противоположен 5. ii. n нещо обратно/противоположно 6. notification to the contrary съобщение в обратен смисъл 7. on the contrary напротив, обратно 8. quite the contrary тъкмо обратното, тъкмо напротив 9. the direct contrary of точно обратното на 10. to interpret by contraries разбирам обратното 11. unless i hear to the contrary ако не бъда уведомен в обратен смисъл 12. който противоречи, противоречащ, противоречив (to) 13. неблагоприятен, противен (за вятър и пр.) 14. разг. contrariouf
* * *

contrary[´kɔntrəri] I. adj 1. обратен, противен, противоположен; \contrary beliefs противоположни вярвания, с обратно съдържание; 2. който противоречи, противоречив; 3. неблагоприятен, противен; \contrary winds delayed the ship неблагоприятен вятър забави кораба; 4. разг. [kɔn´trɛəri] = contrarious; \contrary child опако дете; II. n 1. нещо обратно (противоположно); on the \contrary напротив, обратно; quite the \contrary тъкмо напротив (обратното); there is considerable evidence to the \contrary има сериозни доказателства в подкрепа на противното; unless I hear to the \contrary ако не бъда уведомен в обратен смисъл (за противното); for anything I know to the \contrary доколкото знам, ако не се лъжа; by rule of contraries по силата на противоположностите; to interpret by contraries разбирам обратното; dreams go by contraries сънищата трябва да се тълкуват обратно (превратно); 2. pl чужди тела, нечистотии (в хартия); III. adv обратно, превратно, противно, против, в разрез (to на, с); \contrary to popular belief обратно на общоприетото мнение; to act \contrary to o.'s beliefs ( principles, interests) действам в разрез с възгледите (принципите, интересите) си; IV. v ам. противореча, отивам против (желание, наклонности и под.).

English-Bulgarian dictionary > contrary
6 contrary

[ˈkɔntrərɪ]

contrary вопреки, против (to); to act contrary to common sense поступать вопреки здравому смыслу contrary вопреки, против (to); to act contrary to common sense поступать вопреки здравому смыслу contrary неблагоприятный contrary нечто обратное, противоположное; противоположность; on the contrary наоборот; to the contrary в обратном смысле, иначе contrary обратный contrary противный (о ветре); неблагоприятный; contrary weather неблагоприятная погода contrary противоположного направления contrary противоположность contrary противоположный, обратный contrary противоположный contrary упрямый; своевольный; капризный; contrary disposition сварливый нрав contrary упрямый; своевольный; капризный; contrary disposition сварливый нрав contrary to вопреки contrary to против contrary to agreement в нарушение соглашения contrary to articles of association в нарушение устава ассоциации contrary to contract в нарушение контракта contrary to law в нарушение закона law: contrary to contrary незаконный contrary противный (о ветре); неблагоприятный; contrary weather неблагоприятная погода there is no evidence to the contrary нет доказательств противного, обратного; to interpret by contraries толковать, понимать в обратном смысле contrary нечто обратное, противоположное; противоположность; on the contrary наоборот; to the contrary в обратном смысле, иначе there is no evidence to the contrary нет доказательств противного, обратного; to interpret by contraries толковать, понимать в обратном смысле contrary нечто обратное, противоположное; противоположность; on the contrary наоборот; to the contrary в обратном смысле, иначе unless hear to the contrary если я не услышу чего-нибудь иного, противоположного

English-Russian short dictionary > contrary
7 contrary

1. noun

нечто обратное, противоположное; противоположность; on the contrary наоборот; to the contrary в обратном смысле, иначе; unless I hear to the contrary если я не услышу чего-нибудь иного, противоположного; there is no evidence to the contrary нет доказательств противного, обратного; to interpret by contraries толковать, понимать в обратном смысле

2. adjective

1) противоположный

2) противный (о ветре); неблагоприятный; contrary weather неблагоприятная погода

3) упрямый; своевольный; капризный; contrary disposition сварливый нрав

Syn:

contradictory

3. adverb

вопреки, против (to); to act contrary to common sense поступать вопреки здравому смыслу

* * *

(a) противоположный

* * *

противоположный

* * *
[con·tra·ry || 'kɒntrərɪ] n. напротив, наоборот adj. противоположный, инверсный; своевольный, упрямый, капризный adv. против, вопреки, вразрез
* * *

встречный

неблагоприятный

противоположен

противоположный

* * *
1. сущ. 1) нечто обратное, противоположное; противоположность (тж. the contrary) 2) несовестимое; один из членов оппозиции 2. прил. 1) обратный 2) несоответствующий 3) упрямый; не поддающийся убеждению. несговорчивый 3. нареч. вопреки, против (to)

Новый англо-русский словарь > contrary
8 contrary

ˈkɔntrərɪ
1. сущ.
1) нечто обратное, противоположное;
противоположность (тж. the contrary) His actions are contrary to the rules ≈ Он действует не по правилам Syn: opposite
2) несовестимое;
один из членов оппозиции ∙ on the contrary to the contrary
2. прил.
1) обратный, противоположный;
инверсный come to the contrary conclusion ≈ приходить к противоположным выводам to go off in contrary directions ≈ разойтись в разные стороны contrary viewpoints ≈ противоположные точки зрения, несовместимые точки зрения Syn: contradictory, opposite
2) несоответствующий( чему-л. общепринятому или ожидаемому) actions contrary to company policy ≈ действия, несоответствующие политике компании contrary evidence ≈ противопоказания
3) упрямый;
не поддающийся убеждению. несговорчивый;
своевольный contrary disposition ≈ упрямый характер Syn: perverse, restive, balky, wayward ∙ contrary weather ≈ неблагоприятная погода
3. нареч. вопреки, против (to) ;
наоборот - contrary to Syn: contrariwise, contrarily нечто противоположное, обратное - on the * наоборот - to the * в обратном смысле, иначе - instructions to the * противоположные инструкции - I will come tomorrow unless you write me to the * я приеду завтра, если только вы не напишете, чтобы я не приезжал - just /quite/ the * как раз наоборот - it is just the * of what you told me это (как раз) полная противоположность тому, что вы мене сказали - I have nothing to say to the * мне нечего возразить часто pl противоположность - to interpret by contraries толковать от противного - many things in our lives go by contraries многое в нашей жизни получается не так, как мы хотели бы - greams go by contraries дурной сон может предвещать хорошее и наоборот противоположный;
обратный - * news противоположные сообщения - they hold * opinions их мнения прямо противоположны - * motion( музыкальное) противоположное голосоведение противоположного направления - * wind противный ветер неблагоприятный( о погоде) (разговорное) упрямый, капризный, своевольный, своенравный - * child своевольный ребенок - * disposition упрямый нрав contrary вопреки, против (to) ;
to act contrary to common sense поступать вопреки здравому смыслу contrary вопреки, против (to) ;
to act contrary to common sense поступать вопреки здравому смыслу ~ неблагоприятный ~ нечто обратное, противоположное;
противоположность;
on the contrary наоборот;
to the contrary в обратном смысле, иначе ~ обратный ~ противный (о ветре) ;
неблагоприятный;
contrary weather неблагоприятная погода ~ противоположного направления ~ противоположность ~ противоположный, обратный ~ противоположный ~ упрямый;
своевольный;
капризный;
contrary disposition сварливый нрав ~ упрямый;
своевольный;
капризный;
contrary disposition сварливый нрав ~ to вопреки ~ to против ~ to agreement в нарушение соглашения ~ to articles of association в нарушение устава ассоциации ~ to contract в нарушение контракта ~ to law в нарушение закона law: contrary to ~ незаконный ~ противный (о ветре) ;
неблагоприятный;
contrary weather неблагоприятная погода there is no evidence to the ~ нет доказательств противного, обратного;
to interpret by contraries толковать, понимать в обратном смысле ~ нечто обратное, противоположное;
противоположность;
on the contrary наоборот;
to the contrary в обратном смысле, иначе there is no evidence to the ~ нет доказательств противного, обратного;
to interpret by contraries толковать, понимать в обратном смысле ~ нечто обратное, противоположное;
противоположность;
on the contrary наоборот;
to the contrary в обратном смысле, иначе unless hear to the ~ если я не услышу чего-нибудь иного, противоположного

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > contrary
9 contraire

contraire [kɔ̃tʀεʀ]

1. adjective

   a. ( = inverse) [sens, effet, mouvement] opposite ; (Nautical) [vent] contrary

• dans le cas contraire otherwise

► contraire à [+ loi] against

• c'est contraire à mes principes it is against my principles

   b. ( = contradictoire) [opinions, propositions, intérêts] conflicting

   c. ( = nuisible) [forces, action] contrary ; [destin] adverse

2. masculine noun

[de mot, concept] opposite

• c'est tout le contraire it's just the reverse

► au contraire on the contrary

• (bien or tout) au contraire quite the reverse

• au contraire de unlike

* * *
kɔ̃tʀɛʀ
1.

adjectif

1) [effet, sens, décision] opposite; Nautisme [vent] contrary; ( en conflit) [avis, intérêts] conflicting (à with); [forces] opposite (à to)

être contraire aux usages — to be contrary to custom

dans le cas contraire — (should it be) otherwise sout

sauf avis contraire — unless otherwise informed

2) ( défavorable) [destin, force] adverse

le sort leur fut contraire — fate was against them

2.

nom masculin

le contraire — the opposite (de of)

je pense (tout) le contraire — I take the opposite view

ne dites pas le contraire — don't deny it

au contraire de tes amis — unlike your friends

dire tout et son contraire — to keep contradicting oneself

* * *
kɔ̃tʀɛʀ
1. adj

opposite

contraire à — contrary to

2. nm

opposite

Il a fait le contraire de ce que je lui avais demandé. — He did the opposite of what I'd asked him to do.

au contraire — on the contrary

* * *

contraire

A adj

1 ( inverse) [effet, sens, décision, attitude] opposite; Naut [vent] contrary; ( en conflit) [avis, intérêts, théories] conflicting (à with); [forces] opposite (à to); être contraire à la justice/aux usages/au règlement to be contrary to justice/to custom/to the regulations; dans le cas contraire if this shouldn't be the case, (should it be) otherwise; sauf avis contraire unless otherwise informed, unless you hear anything to the contrary;

2 ( défavorable) [destin, force] adverse; le sort leur fut contraire fate was against them.

B nm le contraire the opposite (de of); je pense (tout) le contraire I take the opposite view; être tout le contraire de qn/qch to be the complete opposite of sb/sth; ne dites pas le contraire don't deny it; je ne dis pas le contraire I don't deny that ou it; jusqu'à preuve du contraire until there is evidence to the contrary, until proved otherwise; (bien or tout) au contraire on the contrary; au contraire de tes amis unlike your friends; dire tout et son contraire to keep contradicting oneself.

[kɔ̃trɛr] adjectif

1. [point de vue, attitude] opposite

sauf avis contraire unless otherwise informed

2. [inverse - direction, sens]

dans le sens contraire à celui des aiguilles d'une montre anticlockwise (UK), counterclockwise (US)

3. (soutenu) [défavorable, nuisible] contrary (soutenu), unfavourable

————————

[kɔ̃trɛr] nom masculin

1. [inverse]

le contraire the opposite

j'avais raison, ne me dis pas le contraire I was right, don't deny it

elle timide? c'est tout le contraire! her, shy? quite the opposite ou contrary!

elle dit toujours le contraire de ce que disent les autres she always says the opposite of what others say

2. LINGUISTIQUE opposite, antonym

————————

au contraire locution adverbiale,

bien au contraire locution adverbiale,

tout au contraire locution adverbiale

quite the reverse ou opposite

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au contraire de locution prépositionnelle

unlike

————————

contraire à locution prépositionnelle

c'est contraire à mes principes it's against my principles

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > contraire
10 contrario

"opposite;

Gegensatzlich;

contrário"

* * *

(pl -ri) 1. adj contrary

direzione opposite

vento adverse

essere contrario be against (a something)

2. m contrary, opposite

al contrario on the contrary

* * *

contrario agg.

1 contrary, opposite, adverse, opposed: contrario alla ragione, contrary (o opposed) to common sense; contrario alle regole, against the rules; fino ad avviso contrario, until further notice; in direzione contraria, in the opposite direction; opinioni contrarie, contrary (o opposing) opinions; venti contrari, contrary (o adverse) winds; verrò, salvo avviso contrario, I'll come, unless I hear to the contrary; contrario alla legge, unlawful // (dir.): prova contraria, evidence to the contrary; salvo patto contrario, unless otherwise provided for

2 ( sfavorevole) unfavourable; contrary: stagione contraria, unfavourable season; la sorte gli è contraria, fate is against him; essere contrario per principio a qlco., to be against sthg. on principle; quanti sono i voti favorevoli e quanti contrari?, how many votes are there in favour and how many against?

3 ( nocivo) harmful

4 ( riluttante) reluctant, unwilling, loath: era contrario a partire in aeroplano, he was unwilling to leave by plane.

contrario s.m.

1 contrary, opposite: è proprio il contrario, it is just the opposite; Paolo è l'esatto contrario del fratello, Paolo is the complete opposite of his brother; ha fatto il contrario di quanto gli avevo detto, he did the opposite of what I had told him to do; non ho nulla in contrario che gli telefoniate, I have no objection to your ringing him up; avere prova del contrario, to have proof to the contrary // al contrario, ( invece) on the contrary; but; while; unlike; ( a ritroso) backwards: ti sei messo la maglia al contrario, ( il davanti dietro) you put your pullover on the wrong way round, ( al rovescio) you put your pullover on inside out; appesero il quadro al contrario, they hung the picture upside down; al contrario! vengo volentieri, on the contrary! I'm more than willing to come; tutto va al contrario di come speravo, nothing is going the way I hoped; al contrario di Fred mi piace il calcio, unlike Fred, I like football

2 (gramm.) antonym: un dizionario di sinonimi e contrari, a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms.

* * *
[kon'trarjo] contrario -ria, -ri, -rie
1. agg

(gen) opposite, (sfavorevole) unfavourable Brit, unfavorable Am, (avverso: sorte) adverse, (venti) contrary

essere contrario a qc — (persona) to be against sth

sono contrario alla vivisezione — I'm against vivisection

sono contrario a questo tuo modo di comportarti — I disapprove of the way you're behaving

è contrario ai miei principi — it's against my principles

in caso contrario — otherwise

in direzione contraria — in the opposite direction

2. sm

opposite

al contrario — on the contrary

al contrario di — contrary to

al contrario di quanto si crede, è piuttosto grande — contrary to what people think, it's quite big

avere qualcosa in contrario — to have some objection

io avrei qualcosa in contrario — I have an objection

non ho niente in contrario — I've no objection

se qualcuno ha qualcosa in contrario lo dica subito — if anyone has an objection they should say so at once

è esattamente il contrario — it's quite the opposite o reverse

fa tutto il contrario di quello che dice — he does the complete opposite of what he says

* * *
1.
pl. -ri, - rie [kon'trarjo, ri, rje] aggettivo

1) (inverso) [effetto, direzione] opposite; [ vento] contrary

in senso contrario — contrariwise

2) (contrastante) [opinione, interesse, teoria] contrary (a to), conflicting (a with); [ forze] opposite (a to)

contrario alla legge — against the law

in caso contrario — failing this o that, otherwise

fino a prova -a — until proved otherwise

3) (sfavorevole)

essere contrario a qcs., a fare — to be opposed to sth., to doing

essere contrario all'idea — to be against the idea

sono contrario — I'm against it
2.
sostantivo maschile

1) (inverso) contrary, opposite

2) ling. antonym

3) al contrario (all'opposto, invece) contrariwise, on the contrary; (a ritroso) backwards; (col davanti dietro) the wrong way round, back to front; (con l'interno all'esterno) inside out; (capovolto) upside down

al contrario! — quite the reverse!

non sono stanco, al contrario! — I'm not tired, far from it!

al contrario di me — unlike me

4) in contrario

nessuno ha detto nulla in contrario — no-one said anything to the contrary

non ho niente in contrario — I have nothing against it

se lei non ha niente in contrario — if you don't object, if you have no objection(s)

* * *

contrario

pl. -ri, - rie /kon'trarjo, ri, rje/

I aggettivo

1 (inverso) [effetto, direzione] opposite; [ vento] contrary; in senso contrario contrariwise

2 (contrastante) [opinione, interesse, teoria] contrary (a to), conflicting (a with); [ forze] opposite (a to); contrario alla legge against the law; in caso contrario failing this o that, otherwise; fino a prova -a until proved otherwise

3 (sfavorevole) essere contrario a qcs., a fare to be opposed to sth., to doing; essere contrario all'idea to be against the idea; sono contrario I'm against it

II sostantivo maschile

1 (inverso) contrary, opposite

2 ling. antonym

3 al contrario (all'opposto, invece) contrariwise, on the contrary; (a ritroso) backwards; (col davanti dietro) the wrong way round, back to front; (con l'interno all'esterno) inside out; (capovolto) upside down; al contrario! quite the reverse! non sono stanco, al contrario! I'm not tired, far from it! al contrario di me unlike me

4 in contrario nessuno ha detto nulla in contrario no-one said anything to the contrary; non ho niente in contrario I have nothing against it; se lei non ha niente in contrario if you don't object, if you have no objection(s).

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > contrario
11 Language

   1) The Book of Nature Is Written in the Language of Mathematics

   Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)

   2) Arranging Speech so as to Reply Appropriately

   It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)

   3) No Other Animal Has the Language Capacity of the Human

   It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)

   4) Human Beings Do Not Live Only in the World of Objects

   Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reﬂection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)

   5) Language Powerfully Conditions All Our Thinking

   It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)

   6) A List of Language Games

   [A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]

   Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling it

   Solving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into another

   LANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)

   7) Language Constrains Certain Modes of Interpretation

   We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic ﬂux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)

   8) We Dissect Nature in Accordance with Our Native Languages

   We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.

   The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic ﬂux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)

   9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own Language

   The forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)

    10) The Analysis of Certain Types of Utterances

   It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)

    11) The Dictionary of a Language Is a System of Concepts

   In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)

    12) Talk about the Evolution of the Language Capacity is Beside the Point

   In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)

    13) The Development of Language

   [It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chieﬂy governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)

    14) Sentential and Conceptual Levels in Language

   he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.

   The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)

    15) Linguistic Realities Have Not Yet Been Captured by Theoretical Models

   The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.

   But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)

    16) The Final Steps to Human Language

   The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)

    17) The Inadequacy of Formal Linguistic Models for Ordinary Language Usage

    t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)

    18) When a Language Is an Abstract Machine

   A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)

    19) Metaphor and Metonymy Underpin the Formation of Linguistic Signs

   Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)

    20) Language and the Analysis of Nature

   It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)

    21) Correspondence Rules for Mapping Old Theory into Subsets of New Theory

   First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....

   Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)

    22) The Inclusion of Non- linguistic Factors in a Theory of Grammar

   If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)

    23) Language Is Inevitably Inﬂuenced by Specific Contexts of Human Interaction

   Language cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)

    24) The Genetic Blueprints of Language

   By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)

    25) Languages Are Machines

   Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language

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unless there is evidence to the contrary

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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unless there is evidence to the contrary

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